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AUDL Ultimate Disc Field Diagram
Ultimate Disc Dimensions
AUDL Ultimate Disc Field Dimensions Diagram
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USAU Ultimate Disc Field Dimensions Diagram
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Ultimate Disc – Field Dimensions (Ultimate Frisbee)
The game of Ultimate disc/frisbee is best played on a soft, flat, rectangular grass field, although it is sometimes played on concrete and gym floors. For twenty two years, USA Ultimate (Originally called the Ultimate Players Association) was the major official body for this sport. Then in April 2012 the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) was formed.
Accordingly, there are two sets of field dimensions for this game. For each field component listed here, the first or default dimensions belong to USA Ultimate (USAU), followed by the American Ultimate DIsc League (AUDL) version. All field lines are painted 4 inches (10 centimeters) thick.
Field Size:
USAU: The size of the playing field proper is 70 yards (64 meters) by 40 yards (37 meters).
AUDL: The AUDL expands the playing field proper to 80 yards (73 meters) by 53.3 yards (width of a US football field) (49 meters), which is equal to the size of an American football field.
The longer edges of the playing field proper are called side lines; the shorter edges are goal lines.
End Zones:
USAU: The Ultimate field extends beyond the goal lines to a depth of 25 yards (23 meters), with the same width as the playing field proper.
AUDL: The depth of the AUDL end zone is a depth of 20 yards (18 meters).
These extended areas are called end zones; they are separated from the playing field proper by the goal lines.
As seen, the overall length of the field remains the same for both versions of the game. While the width of the USAU field is 13.3 yards narrower.
Midfield Mark:
USAU: Midfield is a point 35 yards (32 meters) from the center of each goal line towards the playing field.
AUDL: Midfield is at a distance of 40 yards (37 meters) from each goal line.
This is marked with a circle containing a cross, and is used to place the disc to resume play after it goes out of bounds in that area of the field.
Brick Mark:
USAU & AUDL: The Brick Mark is a circle marked with a cross, drawn at 20 yards (18 meters) from the center of each goal line towards the playing field. This Ultimate frisbee measurement remains the same for both USA Ultimate and AUDL. It is the starting point for the disc after an out-of-bounds call or stopped play in that area of the field.
Reverse/End Zone Brick Mark:
USAU: Reverse or End Zone Brick Mark is a line measuring 11 yards (11.5 meters) from the center of each goal line away from the playing field, extending into the end zones and parallel to the side lines.
AUDL: Reverse or End Zone Brick Mark measures 10 yards (9 meters) in the AUDL field.
Pylon Markers:
USAU: Brightly colored plastic cones similar to traffic pylons mark the corners of the playing field proper and the end zones, making a total of 8 cones on the Ultimate field.
AUDL: Two additional pylons are used to mark the center of the outer line of each end zone.
Restraining Lines:
USAU: Additional lines are marked at 3 yards (3 meters) and 5 yards (5 meters) beyond the outer end zones lines and the side lines. These are meant to restrict competitors / coaches and spectators respectively from entering the playing area, so that players can participate in the game freely and safely.
AUDL: A single restraining line is drawn all around the entire field area at a distance of 5 yards (5 meters). Active players and officials can occupy the area between the side lines, end zones and the restraining line, while spectators have to remain behind the restraining line.
The Ultimate dimensions and field markings are quite simple in comparison with most other games, enabling both the players and the spectators to have unlimited fun.
HISTORY OF Ultimate – Page 2 of 2
History of American Ultimate Disc League
The American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) is the newer of the two Ultimate Frisbee leagues in the United States. The AUDL was formed in April 2012 by founder Josh Moore.
The league started play with 8 teams and has grown to include 12 teams. The AUDL features two divisions, similar to the NFC and AFC in professional football. The league plays regular games from April through July, with the post season going from July to late August.
The first championship game was played in October 2012 and the first championship team in the AUDL was the Philadelphia Spinners who beat out the Indianapolis AlleyCats to win.
The league is expanding rapidly and hopes to introduce teams across the United States with some franchise agreements already signed. The American Ultimate Disc League does not yet have the reach or prestige of their competitor league, USA Ultimate, but they show promise and significant growth especially on the East Coast.
History of USA Ultimate
USA Ultimate is the first and oldest professional Ultimate Frisbee league in the world. Formed in 1979, USA Ultimate was originally known as the UPA or Ultimate Players Association but then changed their name to USA Ultimate in 2010.
USA Ultimate is comprised of three different division levels depending on skill level. They have a Youth Series for players under 18, a College Series for players in college and a Club Series which is the highest level of play for professional players.
There are more than 60 teams in various leagues in USA Ultimate and a number of different professional awards including the league MVP award and the Callaghan Trophy.
The vast majority of Ultimate Disc players play in the USA Ultimate League and it is considered to be the gold standard of Ultimate leagues worldwide. USA Ultimate events are held in every state in the United States as well as internationally.
Ultimate Lingo and Character of Play
Ultimate has its own lexicon or “lingo”. While it retains words like “pick” and “foul” as other sports, some of its unique slang include “bingo”, “blade”, “box”, “chilly”, “dump”, “flow”, “jellyroll”, “pull”, “snack food”, and “taco”.
- bingo – is a receiver pre-designated to catch the disc in the end zone in an effort to score.
- blade – is a throw that goes high into the air and curves hard back to the ground on its side.
- box – a scrimmage of ultimate played with a half field and fewer players where the disc is caught in a smaller square area marked by cones.
- chilly – is an effort to slow play and not throw the disc quickly. Used so as to not inadvertently cause a time-out.
- dump – passing the disc backwards or an offensive player position to catch a dump pass.
- flow – occurs when an offensive team completes a number of passes in succession to move the disc toward the end zone they are attacking.
- jellyroll – when all players of both teams hold hands to form a long line after a game. One end begins to run around the opposite end until the line has rolled up.
- pull – the throw that begins possession after each score.
- snack food – a long high pass that comes near to one or more defensive players and is easily intercepted.
- taco – a disc that is bent and wobbles in the air when thrown.
Ultimate players are known for their high character. They are willing to sacrifice self when making a play for the disc. True ambassadors of the game are unwilling to grow old (many people over 50 years old play this game effectively). Funny costumes and themed events (such as – 80’s cartoons, types of gum, dinosaurs, superheroes, etc) are commonplace in the game. If nothing else, Ultimate players are known as an interesting group.
Prominent Ultimate Frisbee Athletes
Dan Roddick
Dan Roddick is one of the early adopters of Ultimate Frisbee and was considered to be among the best Ultimate players in the world. Dan was instrumental in the creation of the World Frisbee Disc Championship in both the ultimate and the freestyle categories. Roddick is currently the director of the IFDA, or International Frisbee Disc Association. Dan Roddick is one of the first major players of Ultimate Frisbee and remains active in the sport.
Ed Headrick
Ed Headrick was known as a person who had more influence on Ultimate than anyone other than Walter Morrison or Joel Silver. Headrick founded the International Frisbee Disc Association (IFDA) as well as the Disc Golf Association (DGA). Ed also founded the World Frisbee Disc Championships. Headrick had skill in organizing events and leagues, but he was a very accomplished Ultimate player as well. He captained the California Masters team to victory at the International Frisbee Tournament (IFT) twice and in numerous smaller league tournaments. Ed Headrick is the Babe Ruth of Ultimate Disc.
Prominent Ultimate Frisbee Tournaments
The World Games -The World Games are an international sporting tournament that is comprised of sports that are not played on the official Olympic level. Typically these sports have smaller followings or very little relevance to international competition due to being located primarily in one country.
The World Games Ultimate Disc competition and this tournament is the highest level of international play for Ultimate Frisbee. There has been debate as to whether or not this is the highest level of competition, many players and fans of Ultimate believe the American leagues are much tougher simply due to the fact that the United States has by far the most players of Ultimate Frisbee.
USA Ultimate Championship Series – The UUCS is an international tournament primarily made up of Canadian and American Ultimate Players. The tournament has six levels of play, Open, Women’s, Mixed, Masters, and Juniors. This Masters section of the UUCS is considered the top level of Ultimate play and the USA Ultimate Championship Series is by far the most important Ultimate tournament to date.
Scope of Ultimate Disc Today
In recent years over 12,000 college students participated in the USA Ultimate College Division representing over 700 teams. USA Ultimate has over 30,000 members.
There are over 150 countries with Ultimate programs, and over 50 which compete on an international level
Overall, it is estimated that five million people play Ultimate in the USA – that’s more than Cheerleading, Field Hockey, Ice Hockey, Lacrosse, Paintball, Roller Hockey, Rugby, Fast-Pitch Softball, Track and Field, Grass Volleyball and Wrestling.
HISTORY OF Ultimate Disc- Page 1 of 2
The Birth of the Frisbee
The History of Ultimate Frisbee begins with the invention of the Frisbee, aka, the disc. The origins of the Frisbee begin over one hundred years ago with the Frisbie Baking Company in the small town of Bridgeport, Connecticut. The Frisbie Baking Company was the purveyor of delicious pies.
The founder of the Frisbie Baking Company was William Frisbie, and he had a unique “spin” on marketing his pies. These pies were sold in light, metal tins emblazoned with the logo of the Frisbie Baking Company.
Employees and customers alike soon found
out they had some special properties. These tins were remarkably adept at something other than holding pies. Workers began tossing these pie tins around the factory floor, and then around the factory grounds and during their free time away from work.
Eventually tossing the discs around became very popular at many of the colleges and universities in New England which marks the beginning of the sport of Ultimate Frisbie. The Frisbie pie tin is the ancestor of today’s modern Frisbee or Disc.
The Development of the Frisbee
The father of the modern Frisbee is Walter Frederick Morrison. He was the first modern producer and inventor of Frisbees. The development of the modern Frisbee begins on a beach in Santa Monica in 1938. On that day Mr. Morrison and his future wife Lucile were tossing a pie pan back and forth on the beach.
Bystanders began to take notice and soon after someone approached Walter and Lucile and offered to pay 25 cents for the tin. Since he had only paid 5 cents for the pie tin he gladly accepted and an idea dawned on him for a new product, a disc that could be produced cheaply and sold as a sporting good or recreational device.
As Morrison puts it, “That got the wheels turning, because you could buy a cake pan for 5 cents, and if people on the beach were willing to pay a quarter for it, well, there was a business.” (1) Walter Morrison and his wife began purchasing pie pans in bulk and selling them on the beach for 25 cents, making a sizable profit on each sale. This business continued until the onset of World War II, when Morrison joined the United States Air Force.
Following his military service in 1946, Frederick began mulling a design for a lightweight plastic version of the pie tins he sold on the beach in Santa Monica. After experimenting with different models and taking on a creative partner named Warren Franscioni he settled on one design in 1948 and called it the “Whirl-O-Way”.
After the UFO craze of the late forties hit the country they decided to change the name from Whirl-O-Way to the “Flying Saucer” to capitalize on the mania. After almost a decade in business Morrison eventually sold his idea in 1957 to the Wham-O Toy Corporation. The Wham O Company decided to rename the discs after their first inventor, William Frisbie, and the modern Frisbee was born.
The Beginning of Disc Sports
After the creation of the modern Frisbee, it did not take long for people to start developing organized sports around the new device. There is debate as to where and when the history of Ultimate begins but many sources trace the roots of modern Ultimate to early “Frisbee Football” games.
The rules of this sport were very similar to traditional American football but instead of a pigskin the players used a Frisbee. There were a few rule changes from normal football including no contact as well as unlimited forward passing but the game nominally followed the rules of football. This game is the first step in the development of modern, organized disc sports.
These early versions of a disc sport were played at colleges around the country, but mainly in New England. The “early adopters” of disc sports were prestigious colleges and universities like Amherst and Yale. While Frisbees and disc sports were very popular with the college set the history of USA Ultimate as we know it today started with more humble beginnings.
The Creation of Ultimate Disc
Columbia High School located in the small town of Maplewood, New Jersey is the birthplace of modern Ultimate Disc in 1968. The father of Ultimate Disc was a student at the school named Joel Silver. He had learned a version of Frisbee football at a camp he attended and he brought that game back with him to Maplewood. After tweaking the rules to better suit Frisbee competition he introduced the game to classmates and it was a rousing success.
The first written records pertaining to Ultimate Disc come from a high school council resolution at Columbia High. The resolution called for the creation of an Ultimate Disc club and many people including a number of members from the high school newspaper joined.
The early game had most of the basics of today’s Ultimate Disc with looser rules. Many more people could play per team, 30 per team compared to 7 today. The early version of Ultimate also allowed some running with the disc and had football downs as well as scrimmage lines. After a while the modern version began to take shape.
A Brief History of the Development of Ultimate
While Joel Silver is considered the inventor of modern Ultimate Frisbee there were a number of other figures involved in the creation and development of the sport of Ultimate. The leagues did not develop overnight and it took many years for the current Ultimate Disc system to be set up.
The first recorded Frisbee tournament was founded by the four Healy brothers, Jake, Tim, Pete, and Bob Healy in 1958 called the International Frisbee Tournament. This is the oldest Frisbee tournament on record and is still played today. The first event was held at Eagle Harbor in Michigan. The first championship trophy in Ultimate Frisbee is the Julius T. Nachazel Cup. This early Frisbee tourney set the stage for the birth of what we now know as Ultimate Frisbee.
On the collegiate level the first Ultimate game was played by the same two universities who played the very first intercollegiate football game. On November 6th, 1972 Rutgers defeated Princeton 29 to 27. Interestingly, Rutgers had also won the first football match 103 years earlier on the same field by the same 2 point margin.
The Rules of Modern Ultimate
Modern Ultimate rules differ significantly from the early rules at Columbia High School. The modern game shares many similarities with the original versions of the game but is more polished and regulated.
Ultimate is played and regulated primarily by two organizations, the American Ultimate Disc League and USA Ultimate. Internationally, The World Flying Disc Federation provides direction on Ultimate Rules and Events.
Ultimate Disc Rules
The major governing rules organizations of Ultimate:
True to its name, the sport of Ultimate disc offers the ultimate combination of exercise and fun. Players divided into two teams throw a light 10.5 inch, 175 gram flying disc or frisbee about the field slightly smaller than the one used for football. To win, a team needs to score the highest number of goals by catching the disc at the opponent’s end of the field.
The international ruling body for Ultimate Disc is the World Flying Disc Federation. The ruling bodies for the United States are United States of America Ultimate (USAU) and the American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL). There are over 150 known countries with Ultimate Disc programs, and more than 50 countries compete every 4 years at the WFDF’s World Ultimate Championships, the Olympics of Ultimate Disc.
It is a game with simple rules governed by two bodies; the USA Ultimate and the American Ultimate Disc League or AUDL. There are slight differences in their set of rules with the AUDL’s being stricter.
Team and Equipment Rules:
Each Ultimate flying disc team has seven players wearing a common uniform, but with unique numbering. They need a minimum of five stand-by players each, also wearing full uniform and ready to play if required.
The AUDL allows a team’s active roster to have a maximum of 20 players. Metal cleats are banned because they can injure the players. The disc or Frisbee used has to be acceptable to both team captains; in case of disagreement, an officially approved disc of the USA Ultimate or the AUDL is used.
Game Rules:
At the start, teams stand in front of their own end zone lines. The team holding the disc is the offense. The offense throws the disc long to the defense; this is called a pull. Similar to a punt or kickoff in football.
Each team then tries to pass the disc between its own players and make ground contact in the end zone defended by the opponents; this is called scoring a goal.
They can move the disc by passing it to each other, but may not run with the disc in their possession. Any player that catches a pass should pivot before passing it to another player; this is a posture having one foot firmly on the ground and the other foot swung left or right for a more effective and well-directed throw of the disc (or frisbee).
If the pass is dropped, thrown out of bounds or caught by an opponent, a turnover is committed and the other team (defense) gains immediate possession of the disc.
Throwing Rules:
The offensive player in possession of the disc is the thrower.
The defense player within three meters of the thrower’s pivot (say pivot foot), is called the marker. The defensive player within three meters of the throwers pivot from the spot where the disc will be put into play after a time-out, is also called the marker.
The thrower needs sufficient space to throw the frisbee properly; this is called the disc-space. Regulations say that the marker should give the thrower a disc-space of at least one disc diameter.
The marker keeps the time limit or stall-count for the thrower to release the disc by counting aloud from one to ten, spaced at one-second intervals. AUDL rules of Ultimate disc have a maximum stall count of seven. Reaching this count results in a turnover.
Timing Rules USA Ultimate:
USA Ultimate does not put a time-limit on the duration of the game; it is score-capped instead.
The “Game Total” is the predetermined number of goals needed to win. Teams must win by at least two goals.
To stop the possibility of an unending game, a pre-set maximum score limit beyond the game total determines the winner. This is called a point cap. A standard Ultimate game has a game total of 15 and a point cap of 17.
To have control over the duration of play for low scoring games, a soft time cap comes into effect after a preset time from the start of play. Any team leading by a preset goal difference, usually 2, during this period is the winner.
Further, a preset duration after the soft time cap kicks in, a hard time cap is called. The game is ended and the leading team is declared winner. In case of a tie, play continues until one team scores a goal.
Half-time is taken after the first 2 quarters and lasts 10- 30 minutes. The length of the Halftime is determined by the Home team at least 24 hours in advance.
Overtime of 5 minutes kicks in when both teams are tied at a score which is one less than the game total.
Timing Rules American Ultimate Disc League:
The AUDL Ultimate game is time-bound.
Playing time is divided into four 12 minute-long quarters.
Half-time is taken after each quarter and lasts for 15 minutes in total.
First and second overtime of 5 minutes each is taken when there is a tied score at the end of the final quarter and at the end of the first overtime, respectively.
In both versions of the game, a team is entitled to two time-outs in each half and one time-out during overtime. Time-out breaks last 90 seconds and stall-counting stops.
Spirit of the Game:
USA Ultimate does not expect intentional player violations and there is no refereeing or penalties. Players solve their own line call or foul disputes. Bigger events appoint non-playing observers to announce approaching and expired time-limits, resolve ongoing disputes between players and take decisions in line calls.
The AUDL, however, appoints officials to do the same and also rate fouls based on severity.
Ultimate disc was invented as a fun game based on fair play and sportsmanship. The governing rules maintain these important principles.
The major governing rules organization of Ultimate Disc are:
World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF): http://wfdf.org
American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL): /
USA Ultimate (USAU):
Other Countries with significant Ultimate membership:
Ultimate Canada: /
Australian Flying Disc Association: /
United Kingdom Ultimate: /
see a complete list of WFDF members on the official site by clicking here
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Book Review – Essential Ultimate Disc
Ultimate disc is the ideal sport for those people who want a game that requires few materials. This game easily accommodates players of various skill levels from beginners to professionals.
Michael Baccarini and Tiina Booth have written the ultimate manual on Ultimate Disc. Relying on their more than 50 years of combined experience, the authors have put together “Essential Ultimate: Teaching, Coaching, Playing.” It truly has something for players of every level of expertise, as it outlines the basics of the game for beginners while also including a wide range of different techniques that are ideal for those more advanced players who want to fine tune their game.
Areas of particular note in this book include:
How to Play Ultimate Disc: Beginning with a look at the history of this relatively new and popular sport, the authors move on to breaking down the various throwing and catching techniques. Offensive and defensive strategies are fully covered in their own sections.
How to Coach Ultimate Disc: While this book contains a wealth of information that is designed to get players started with the game, as well as learn and refine new techniques, Baccarini and Booth have also used their experiences as coaches for teams that have won five championship titles at the national level and two world championship titles to offer timely tips that coaches can implement to address particular issues now. These techniques also allow coaches to deepen their understanding of the issues behind a player’s actions.
Skills for Ultimate Disc: Baccarini and Booth readily admit that players of all skill levels can, and do, enjoy this massively popular sport. In order to advance to higher levels, however, the skills of the player must be refined and mastered. New throwing and catching techniques are fully explained with an ample number of photographs that allow for easy visualization.
Offense for Ultimate Disc: A range of catching and throwing skills are outlined. A solid playing foundation is built on these offensive moves that will help players score and reach the next level of success in their play.
Defense for Ultimate Disc: Although there are teams in Ultimate Disc, it can also be played on a more individual level. This is one aspect of playing defense that is covered in this excellent handbook. By working together, the defense can successfully use the techniques to include the best of each player’s abilities in order to stymie the other team.
Both entertaining and highly useful, “Essential Ultimate: Teaching, Coaching, Playing,” is written in a style that is easy to read and understand. While not overly technical in prose, it still offers plenty of techniques and tips that more experienced players will find noteworthy. Lots of relevant pictures demonstrate a number of different aspects of the game on a further level.
If players, coaches and teachers only purchase one book that encompasses all that is Ultimate Disc, make it this one. Baccarini and Booth have proven they have the knowledge and skills to take the sport to the championship level.
The books table of contents includes:
Section 1 – What is Ultimate
Section 2 – Principles of Throwing
Section 3 – Principles of Catching
Section 4 – Offense: Individual Skills
Section 5 – Offense: Team Skills
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Section 6 – Defense: Individual Skills
Section 7 – Defense: Team Skills
Section 8 – Ultimate Fitness
Section 9 – Physiological Preparation for Competitive Performance
Section 10 -Starting a Program
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Tennis Court Dimensions Diagram
Tennis Court Dimensions
Tennis Court Dimensions Diagram
Overall Dimensions
The overall size of a tennis doubles court is 36 feet wide by 78 feet long. The singles court is slightly narrower measuring 27 feet wide. Both singles and doubles courts share the same length.
The Service Court
The service court fits inside the singles width of the court (27 feet wide) and extends back from the net 21 feet. The service court is divided in half with a center line marking the left and right service courts.
The Net
The net measures 3 feet 6 inches high at the ends and 3 feet high at the middle tape. Typically the net standards are placed 3 feet outside the outer lines of the doubles court, making the net length a total of 42 feet from pole to pole.
Distance from other Courts and Fencing
It is adviseable to have a distance of a 12 foot perimeter on each side of the sidelines and 21 feet from each baseline to create enough playing area inside fencing and adjacent tennis courts.